Postcolonial Predicaments in Malaysian Theatre: The Work of Ghulam Sarwar Yousof, Krishen Jit, and Faridah Merican

Authors

  • Kathy Foley University of California Santa Cruz, USA Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37134/impac.v1.2.2023

Keywords:

Faridah Merican, Five Arts Centre, Ghulam Sarwar Yousof, Krishen Jit, Kuala Lumpur Performing Arts Centre, Malaysian postcolonial theatre

Abstract

Choices by Anglophone educated artists in developing Malaysian Theatre from the 1970s have defined three major directions that persist in theatre education, writing, and production: (a) a heritage, scholarly, and literary focus exemplified by scholar-writer Ghulam Sawar Yousof working from a University platform; (b) performance as socio-political critique exemplified by director Krishen Jit who began in academia but manifested his political activism in journalism collective creations at Five Arts Centre in Kuala Lumpur and beyond; and (c) urban professional repertory producing as exemplified by Faridah Merican whose economic realism and fund raising as a producer-actress-director at KLPac (Kuala Lumpur Performing Arts Centre) helped develop a repertory model for developing contemporary Malaysian Theatre in Kuala Lumpur and Penang. The current generation of theatre leaders carry forward the hybridity forged by these three ethnic “outsiders”—all Malaysians of South Asian descent. These artists developed the postcolonial model of urban and academic theatres that persist to the present. 

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

  • Kathy Foley , University of California Santa Cruz, USA

    Kathy Foley (https://orcid.org/ 0000-0002-3036-8493) is a Research Professor and Distinguished Professor Emerita of Performance, Play and Design at UCSC, an Adjunct at UPSI (2023), and past President of UNIMA-USA. She is past editor of Asian Theatre Journal (2005-2018) and guest editor of UNIMA-USA’s Puppetry Research International (2023). She is one of the first non-Indonesian dalangs to perform in the Indonesia National Wayang Festival. Her exhibits have been shown at the National Geographic Gallery Washington, DC), East-West Center Gallery (Honolulu) and other venues. Her research and performance have been supported by Fulbright, Asian Cultural Council, Institute of Sacred Music/Yale, EastWest Center and University of California (Arts Research Institute, Committee on Research, Porter College, Dickson Fellowship) and other grants.

References

A thespian’s journey. (2015, December 8). The Sun. https://thesun.my/archive/1632747-CSARCH341302.

Alvi, A., & Vengandasamy, R. (2022). Modernity and spirituality in Malaysian Anglophone Poetry: An interview with the late Ghulam-Sawar Yousof. Asiatic, 16(2), 145-156.

Devan, S. (2018, June 4). Krishen Jit’s impact on theatre today. New Straits Times. https://www.nst.com.my/lifestyle/groove/2018/06/376834/krishen-jits-impact-theatre-today

Diamond, C. (2012). Communities of the imagination: Contemporary Southeast Asian theatres. University of Hawai’i Press.

East West Center. (1973, August 1). A Malaysian folk-drama premiere in English. Culture and Language Learning Newsletter, 2(2). https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/5453989d-1583-4e5e-a924-70fc47d7d85d/content.

Foley, K. (2011). Roger Long. Asian Theatre Journal, 28(2), 463–474. http://www.jstor.org/stable/41306509

Foley, K. (2022). Contemporary theatre in post-colonial Malaysia: Theatre of roots and people’s theatre seeking common ground. Melayu, Jurnal Antarabangsa Dunia Melayu, 15(2), 223-242. https://doi.org/10.37052/jm.15(2)no4.

Front Row Podcast. https://www.bfm.my/podcast/bigger-picture/front-row/mama-looking-for-her-cat

Gopinath, A. (2023, May 17). Datuk Faridah Merican – Lost cats and the meaning of life. The Peak. https://thepeak.com.my/art-culture/datuk-faridah-merican-lost-cats-and-the-meaning-of-life/

Hardwick, P. (2009). Stories of the wind: The role of mak yong in shamanist healing of Kelantan [Doctoral dissertation, Indiana University Bloomington].

Hardwick, P. (2020). Mak yong, a UNESCO ‘masterpiece’: Negotiating the intangibles of cultural heritage and politicized Islam. Asian Ethnology, 79(1), 25–51. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26929485.

How the arts play its part in national unity. (2016, August 31). New Straits Times. https://www.pressreader.com/malaysia/new-straits-times/20160831/283244507404247.

Ishak, S. (1986). The emergence of contemporary Malaysian theatre. Tenggara, 19, 17-41.

Jacobs, J. [interviewer]. (2023). Mama Looking for Her Cat [Dato’ Dr. Faridah Merican, executive producer, KLPAC [Benjamin Ho, director & production designer].

Japan Foundation, Performing Arts Japan. (2015). Nurturing theater and music in Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Performing Arts Centre (klpac) [Interview with Joe Hasham and Faridah Merican]. https://performingarts.jpf.go.jp/E/pre_interview/1501/1.html

Jit, K. (1984a). A report on contemporary Malaysian theatre. Asian Theatre Journal, 1(1), 109-111. https://doi.org/10.2307/1124370

Jit, K. (1984b). Toward an Islamic theatre for Malaysia: Noordin Hassan and Don’t Kill the Butterflies. Asian Theatre Journal, 1(2), 127–146. https://doi.org/10.2307/1124561.

Jit, K. (1989). Contemporary Malaysian theatre. Tenggara, 23, 180-187.

Jit, K. (1993). Malaysia [modern theatre]. In Cambridge guide to Asian theatre (pp. 193-200). Cambridge University Press.

Jit, K. (2002). Krishen Jit – An uncommon position: Selected writings (K. Rowland, Ed.) Contemporary Asian Arts Centre.

Jit, K. (n. d.). https://www.fiveartscentre.org/u/doc/Krishen%20Jit%20timeline_26042023.pdf.

Jortner, D., & Foley, K. (2011). James R. Brandon. Asian Theatre Journal, 28(2), 341–355. DOI: 10.1353/atj.2011.0029

Kee, T. C. (1987). 1984: Here and now. K. Das.

Kuo, P. K. Mama looking for her cat. In Images at the margins (pp. 120-144). Times Books International.

Lo, J. (2004). Staging nation: English language theatre in Malaysia and Singapore. Hong Kong University Press.

Luminosita [Blog]. (2005, August 28). In memory of Krishen Jit. https://luminosita.livejournal.com/89995.html

Malm, W. (1974). Music in Kelantan, Malaysia and some of its cultural implications. In A. L. Becker et al. (Eds.), Studies in Malaysian oral and musical traditions (pp. 1-46). University of Michigan Press. http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3998/mpub.11903414.3.

Matusky, P. (1994). Malaysian shadow play and music: Continuity of an oral tradition (Southeast Asian Social Science Monographs). Oxford University Press.

Mohd. Taib Osman, (Ed.). (1974). Traditional drama and music of Southeast Asia (Papers presented at the International Conference on Traditional Drama and Music of Southeast Asia, Kuala Lumpur, 27th to 30th August, 1969). Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka and Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia.

Nanney, N. (2009). Kee Thuan Chye: Politics, playwriting, and the contemporary English stage in Malaysia. New England Theatre Journal, 20, 65-80.

Nanney, N. (2012). Malaysian theatre resources. Asian Theatre Journal, 29(2), 402–418. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23359521

Nge, C. (n. d.) Theater in Malaysia: The contemporary situation. http://smallacts.blogspot.com/2003/10/theater-in-malayisa-contemporry.html.

Prime Minister’s Office of Malaysia. (2019, July 19). National Culture Policy. https://www.pmo.gov.my/2019/07/national-culture-policy/.

Rajendran, C. (2007). A choice to review: Encountering Krishen Jit in “Talking Drama with Utih”. Kyoto Review of Southeast Asia, 36(8-9). https://kyotoreview.org/uncategorized/a-choice-to-review-encountering-krishen-jit-in-talking-drama-with-utih/.

Rajendran, C. (2012). Negotiating difference in Krishen Jit’s theatre: Staging identities and contesting boundaries in multicultural Malaysia. Wacana Seni, Journal of Arts Discourse, 11(2012), 93-125. https://repository.nie.edu.sg/entities/publication/064b60c4-44ad-47d3-b4d7-33e90061d75c/details.

Rajendran, C. (2013). The politics of difference in Krishen Jit’s theatre in the 1970s: A time of intense questioning in Malaysian culture. Asian Theatre Journal, 3(2), 145-71. http://www.jstor.org/stable/43187410.

Rajendran, C., & Wee, C. J. W. (2007). The theatre of Krishen Jit: The politics of staging difference in multicultural Malaysia. TDR: The Drama Review, 51(2), 11-23. https://doi.org/10.1162/dram.2007.51.2.11

Rajendran, C., Takiguchi, K., & Nge, C. (Eds.). (2018). Excavations, interrogations, Krishen Jit and contemporary Malaysian theatre. Epigram Books.

Rowland, K. (Ed.). (2003). Krishen Jit – An uncommon position. Singapore University Press.

Rowland, K. (Ed.). (2015). Staging history: Selected plays from Five Arts Centre Malaysia 1984-2014. Five Arts Centre.

Rowland, K., et al. (2020). Arts and culture in Southeast Asia: Proxy Wars [Video recording]. Howlround. https://howlround.com/happenings/arts-and-culture-southeast-asia-proxy-wars.

Rowland, V. K. (2005?). The politics of drama: Post-1969 state policies and their impact on theatre in English in Malaysia from 1970 to 1999 [MA thesis, University of Malaya]. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/48627619.pdf

Sagoo, K. [Interviewer]. (2020). Dato’ Dr. Faridah Merican. The ASEAN. https://theaseanmagazine.asean.org/article/dato-dr-faridah-merican-director-producer-actress/.

The Leader [Universiti Sains Malaysia Alumni Magazine]. (2008). 3(3). https://usmalumni.usm.my/images/09_The_Leader_vol3_no3_Sep2008_1.pdf.

Triplett, W. (1996, December 22). Ball of fire in a crowded theatre: Joy Zinoman’s ferocity ignites Studio’s productions. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/style/1996/12/22/ball-of-fire-in-a-crowded-theater-joy-zinomans-ferocity-ignites-studios-productions/f7dcb0cc-b3dd-45a4-b640-b94127ba68d6/.

Van Neil, R. (2012, February 12). In memoriam—Robert Van Neil. https://robertvanniel.wordpress.com/.

Yau, S. M., & Raheem, S. (2018). In conversation with Ghulam-Sarwar Yousof: A Malaysian playwright. Asiatica, 12(2), 162-173. https://journals.iium.edu.my/asiatic/index.php/ajell/article/view/1337/850.

Yousof, G. S. (1976). The Kelantan mak yong dance theatre [Doctoral dissertation, University of Hawai’i].

Yousof, G. S. (1992). Panggung Semar: Aspects of traditional Malay theatre. Tempo Publishing.

Yousof, G. S. (1994). Dictionary of traditional Southeast Asian theatre. Oxford University Press.

Yousof, G. S. (1997). Angin Wayang: Biography of a master puppeteer. Malaysian Ministry of Culture, Arts and Tourism.

Yousof, G. S. (2004). Panggung Inu: Essays on traditional Malay theatre. Centre for the Arts, National University of Singapore.

Yousof, G. S. (2011). Mak yong theatre of Kelantan, Malaysia: An introduction. Asian Cultural Heritage Centre.

Yousof, G. S. (2014a). The trial of Hang Tuah the Great. Partridge.

Yousof, G. S. (2014b). Tok Dalang and stories of other Malaysians. Partridge.

Yousof, G. S. (2015). Suvarna-Padma, The golden lotus. Partridge.

Yousof, G. S. (2016, September 1). Ghulam Sawar Yousof: An interview. Lone Traveller. http://gsyousof.blogspot.com/

Yousof, G. S. (2019). Mak yong: World heritage theatre. Areca Books.

Zhura, N. N. (1992). An analysis of modern Malay drama. Biroteks.

Zuhra, N. N. (1991). The social context of English-language drama in Malaysia. In M. Chan and R. Harris (Eds.), Asian voices in English (pp. 177-185). Hong Kong University Press.

Downloads

Published

2023-12-31

How to Cite

Foley, K. (2023). Postcolonial Predicaments in Malaysian Theatre: The Work of Ghulam Sarwar Yousof, Krishen Jit, and Faridah Merican. Proceedings of the International Music and Performing Arts Conference, 1, 20-39. https://doi.org/10.37134/impac.v1.2.2023